to put off

• Should we put it off until the week after next?
• Did you put it off due to a migraine?
• Did she put off interviewing the new manager?
• Should we put it off until it stops being so chilly?
• Did you put it off due to the awful weather conditions?
• Did she put off going skiing because there wasn't any snow?
• Should we put it off until the day after tomorrow?
• Did you put it off due to the extra amount of work?
• Did he put it off exercising because he hadn't digested?

to get

• Where did you get those shoes?
• Where did you get that blouse?
  I got this blouse in a shop for women.
• Did you get that red car in the end?
• Did you get what you were looking for?
  Yes, I got what I was looking for.
• When did you get those shoes?
• When did you get that blouse?
• Ask me where I got these shoes.
• Ask me where I got this shirt.
• Ask me if I got the tickets to the concert.
• Did you get the biscuits I like?
• Did you get the bottle of wine?

to manage + infinitive

• Did you manage to study last night?
• Did you manage to see your friends last weekend?
• Did you manage to finish your book?
• Did you manage to get to the studio today without any problems?
• Did Rocky manage to defeat Mr. T in Rocky III?
• Ask me if he managed to defeat Ivan Drago in Rocky IV.
• Did Bill Gates manage to make a lot of money?
• Did Luke Skywalker manage to blow up the Death Star in Star Wars?
• Did Alonso manage to win a lot of races last year?
• Did Cortés manage to conquer Mexico?
• Did Don Quijote manage to fight the windmills?
• Did you manage to read the whole book?

gerund after before

• I went to the bank before going to the tailor.
  aunque es correcto: I went to the bank before I went to the tailor
• Did you deposit money before living the bank?
• Yesterday I [took out/withdrew] money before living the bank.
• Did you take off your slippers before getting into the shower?
• Did you take off your hat before getting into the shower?
• Did you turn on the light before entering the room?
• Did you turn off the light before exiting the room?
• Did you preheat the oven before making the cake?
• Did you iron your shirt before coming here today?
• Did you pay the bill before leaving the restaurant?

gerund after after

• Did you have a drink after finishing work?
• Did you go to bed after watching the news?
• Ask me if you're supposed to stir the coffee after adding sugar.
• Will you blow-dry your hair after having a shower?
• Ask me if I used to feel guilty after going shopping.
• Did you use a [band-aid/plaster][AM/BR] after catching yourself?
• Ask me if my students usually learn their irregular verbs after studying them.
• Did you forget her name after being introduced?
• Ask me if I've ever cried after getting my hair cut.
• Do you usually take it easy after working all day long?
• Ask me how I feel after watching myself on TV.

a

• 3 céntimos el kilo = 3 cents a kilo
• 4 euros la pinta = 4 euros a pint
• 100 euros la tonelada = 100 euros a ton
• 20 euros el gramo = 20 euros a gram/gramme
• the lobster costs 45 euro a kilo; how much does it cost?
• and last year it cost 40 euro a kilo; how much did it cost?
• a litre of petrol costs 2 euro and 10 cents; how much does it cost?
• last year it cost 1 euro and 90 cents; how much did it cost?
• caviar costs 100 euro a kilo; how much does it cost?
• and last year it cost 95 euro a kilo; how much did it cost?
• do you think you can buy water at 1000 euro a litre?
• can you buy land for 10,000 euro a hectare?
• does your apartment cost 1,000 euro a square metre if I want to buy it?
• will petrol soon cost 3 euro a litre?
• has oil ever cost 1,000 dollars a barrel?
• have you even eaten meat that costs 60 euro a kilo?
• can you buy beans for 2 euro a kilo?
• can you buy olive oil for 2 euro a litre?
• is champagne worth 40 euro a litre?
• would you like to own a diamond worth one million euro a miligram?
• would you drink coffee if it cost 10 euro a cup?
• would you go to London if you could buy gold for a pound a pound?
• does gold cost 100 euro a ounce?

on doing sth.

• al ver a mi madre me puse contento = on seeing my mother I felt very happy
• escuchaba música mientras leía el periódico = I listen to the music whilst reading the newspaper
• Al salir de casa me tropecé con algo.
  On leaving the house I tripped up on something.
• Al salir de casa me caí.
  On leaving the house I fell [down/over].
• Al llegar a la oficina me dí cuenta de que había olvidado mi portátil.
  On arriving at the office I realized I had forgotten my laptop.
• Al llegar al estadio me dí cuenta de que había olvidado mi entrada.
  On arriving at the stadium I realized I had forgotten my ticket.
• Al bajar del tren me dí un golpe en la cabeza.
  On [stepping out of/getting off] the train I [hit/banged] my head.
• Al salir de la oficina ví a la mujer de mis sueños.
  On leaving the office I saw the women of my dreams.
• Al ver su reacción decidí callarme.
  On seeing his reaction I decided to keep quiet.
• Al ver el letrero me dí cuenta de que nos habíamos equivocado de hotel.
  On seeing the sign I realized we had [gone to/got] the wrong hotel.
• Al ver a mi jefe me escondí debajo de la mesa.
  On seeing my boss I hid under the table.
• Al verme esconderme debajo de la mesa, mi jefe me despidió.
  On seeing me hide under the table, my boss fired me.

while/whilst doing sth.

• yo veía el programa mientras fregaba/secaba/planchaba/doblaba mi ropa/quitaba el polvo.
  I watched the program while/whilst washing up/drying up/ironing/folding my clothes/dusting.

prior to + gerund

• I lived in LA and then I moved to Madrid.
  I lived in LA prior to moving to Madrid.
• He used to travel a lot and then he had kids.
  He used to travel a lot prior to having kids.
• She worked at a large company and then started her own business.
• They revised the contract and then they closed the deal.
• The company bought the property and then it constructed the stadium.
• I prepared the document and then I attended the meeting.
• She spoke to her clients and then she left the company.
• We remodeled the house and then we sold it.
• He traveled around the world and then he settled down.

until

• Tienes hasta cinco semanas para terminarlo.
  You have up to five weeks to finish it.
• No sabremos hasta las tres.
  We won't know [up to/until] three.
• Tenemos que esperar hasta dos meses.
  He have to wait [up to/until] two months.

slightly/considerably + comparative

• Am I slightly taller than you or considerably taller than you?
• Is Texas slightly bigger than Portugal or considerably bigger than Portugal?
• Are you slightly older than your baby or considerably older than your baby?
• Are you slightly intelligent than your husband or considerably more intelligent than your husband?
• Is this class ... more interesting than the last one I did?
  (what can we deduce?)
• Is Spain ... bigger than England?
• What about France and Spain?
  Spain is slightly smaller than France.
• Is Real Madrid ... better than Barcelona?
• Is Alcorcón ... better than Real Madrid?
• Is my hair ... shorter than yours?
  My hair is considerably shorter than Nieves's hair.

a bit/quite a bit

• Is Madrid a bit warmer or quite a bit warmer than London in summer?
• Is English a bit easier or quite a bit easier than German?
• Is Chinese a bit harder or quite a bit harder than English?
• Am I a bit taller or quite a bit taller than you?
• Is jogging a bit healthier or quite a bit healthier than smoking?
• Is a cheetah a bit faster or quite a bit faster than a domestic cat?
• Is Seville a bit bigger or quite a bit bigger than Granada?
• Is Javier Bardem a big more famous or quite a bit more famous than we are?
• Is appearing on TV a bit more nerve-racking or quite a bit more nerve-racking than a normal class?
• Is this studio a bit smaller or quite a bit smaller than a football stadium?
• Is the Pope a bit richer or quite a bit richer than the Dalai Lama?

how fast?

• I was cruising down the road, I was in a rush to get to the airport, and I was doing a hundred miles an hour.
  How fast was I going?
  You were doing a hundred miles an hour.
• They were doing 120 km an hour, how fast were they going?
• They were doing 90 km per hour, when the police stopped them.
  How fast were they going?
• You were doing 120 km per hour, how fast were you going?
• Do they ever do 100 miles an hour in Brazil on the highways?
• Ask me if people ever do 100 miles an hour on the highways in Canada?
  Do people ever do...?
  Some people, but they'll get a ticket, they'll get stopped by the police.
• In Brazil, will you get stopped by the police for doing 10 km more than the speed limit?
• And in Spain, will you get a ticket for doing 10 km over the speed limit?
• Ask me if you'll get a ticket for doing 10 km per hour over the speed limit in Canada?
• Would you get a ticket if you were doing 120 miles per hour in Brazil?
• What speed do you do?
• Ask me what speed I do in my car.

no matter how + adverb

• Por muy rápido que conduzcas, no llegarás a tiempo.
  No matter how fast you drive, you won't get there in time.
• It doesn't matter how nice you are, he won't change his mind.
  No matter how...
• Por muy dura que intentes ser, no te tomarán en serio.
  No matter how tough you are, they won't take you seriously.
• It doesn't make any difference how many times you ask, they'll always say no.
  No matter how many times you ask, they'll always say no.
• Por muy despacio que intentes hacerlo, no te saldrá mejor.
  No matter how slow you try to do it, it won't turn out better.

no matter how + adverb

• Por mucho que estudies, no vas a pronunciar como yo.
  No matter how much you study, you won't pronounce like me.
• Por mucho dinero que ganes, sólo podrás conducir un coche a la vez.
  No matter how much money you earn, you'll only be able to drive one car at a time.
• Por mucho que grites, no te oirán.
  No matter how much you scream/yell/shout, they won't hear you.
• Por mucho que trabajes, nunca te harás rico.
  No matter how much you work, you'll never get rich.
• Por mucho que hagas, no será suficiente.
  No matter how much you do, it won't be enough.
• Por mucho dinero que tengas, nunca podrás comprar todo.
  No matter how much money you have, you'll never be able to buy everything.
• No matter how fast you work, you'll never finish on time.

no matter how many

• Por muchas veces que lo practiques, siempre cometerás errores.
  No matter how many times you practise, you'll always make mistakes.
• Por mucha gente que llame, no recaudaremos los 10 millones de euros.
  No matter how many people call in, we won't raise 10 million euros.
• Por muchos años que pasen, siempre será así.
  No matter how many years go by, it'll always be [like that/this way].
• Por muchas veces que vayamos, nunca nos cansaremos de ir.
  No matter how many times we go, we'll never get tired of going.
• Por muchas veces que lo intentes, no cambiarán de opinión.
  No matter how many times you try, they won't change their mind.
• Por muchas flores que él envíe, ella no le perdonará.
  No matter how many flowers he sends, she won't forgive him.

no matter how

• Por mucho tiempo que tengas para estudiar, nunca aprenderás lo suficiente.
  No matter how much time you have to study, you'll never learn enough.
• Por muy bien que lo escribas, no lo aceptarán.
  No matter how well you write it, they won't accept it.
• Por muy rápido que conduzcas, no llegarás a tiempo.
  No matter how fast you drive, you wont get there on time.
• Por muy a menudo que lo hagas, no lo harás mejor.
  No matter how often you do it, you won't do it better.
• Por muy sincero que seas, él no te creerá.
  No matter how sincere you are, he won't believe you.
• Por mucho que ayudes, él no lo agradecerá.
  No matter how much you help, he won't appreciate it.

whatever/no matter what

• Whatever you do it won't make any difference.
  No matter what you do, it won't make any difference.
• Whatever you say, he's not going to change his mind.
• Whatever you do, she's never going to be happy.
• Whatever you say, they're going to complain.
• It doesn't matter what:
  No matter what you say.
  Whatever you say.
  It doesn't matter what you say.
• It doesn't matter what you think, he's not going to change his mind.
  Whatever you think, he's not going to change his mind.
• Whatever you think, it doesn't matter.
  No matter what you think, it doesn't matter.
• Whatever you get her for her birthday, she's not going to be happy.
• Whatever you ask for Christmas, you're going to get a tie.
• Whatever you want, you can have.
  No matter what you want, you can have it.
  It doesn't matter what you want, you can have it.
• Da igual lo que haga él, ella siempre se queja.
  No matter what he does, she always complains.
• Da igual cómo lo hagas, ella nunca estará contenta.
  It doesn't matter how you do it, she'll never be happy.

• Whatever You Want - Status Quo

wherever/no matter where

• Wherever you go, there will be a lot of people.
  No matter where you go, there will be a lot of people.
• Wherever you go in August, there are always a lot of people around.
• Wherever he goes, there's always trouble.
• Wherever you go, we'll be thinking of you.
• Wherever you go in the city, there's a (surveillance) camera watching you.
• Wherever English football fans go, they always create trouble.
• Wherever you go in the world, there's always a burger bar near by.
• Wherever you go in the world, you always meet people from the same country as you.
• Wherever you go in the world, there's always someone who understands English.
• Nowadays, wherever you go, you always hear music.
• Wherever he goes, he always complains.

to have/take a nap

• ¿Te has echado una siesta hoy?
  Have you taken/had a nap today?
• Voy a echarme una siesta.
  I'm going to take/have a nap.
• Los fines de semana me echo siestas de dos horas.
  On weekends I take/have two-hour naps.
• Él me despertó mientras me echaba la siesta.
  He woke me up when I was having/taking a nap.
• Yo prefiero echarme la siesta en el sofá.
  I prefer to have/take a nap on the sofa/couch.
• Ella solía echarse la siesta después de comer.
  She used to have/take a nap after having lunch.
• Echarse la siesta es una pérdida de tiempo.
  Having/taking a nap is a waste of time.
• Si no me echara la siesta estaría de mal humor todo el día.
  If I didn't have/take a nap, I'd be [in a bad mood/grumpy] all day long.
• ¿Puedes echarte la siesta en el trabajo?
  Can you have/take a nap at work?
• Queremos echarnos la siesta antes de ir a la fiesta.
  We want to take/have a nap before going to the party.
• Ojalá pudiera echarme la siesta todos los días.
  I wish I could take/have a nap everyday.
• ¿Alguna vez has echado la siesta en la playa?
  Have you ever taken/had a nap on the beach?
• No me siento bien después de echarme la siesta.
  I don't feel well after taking/having a nap.

what made you do that?

• I changed my mind.
  What made you change your mind?
• They sold all (of) their shares.
  What made them sell all their shares?
• He moved to Australia.
• She quit her job.
• I studied Anthropology.
• They started their own business.
• He called off the wedding.
• She sold her business.
• They gave away their dog.
• She burned all the photos.
  What made her burn all the photos?
  I think it was because of her nasty breakup.
• She chose that candidate.

to pull out of

• Have you ever had to pull out of a race at the last minute?
  Yes, I've had to pull out of a race at the last minute.
• Ask me if I've ever had to pull out of a race at...
• Ask me why.
  Why did you have to pull out of the race at the last minute?
  I had to pull... because I had cramp.
• So, why did I have to pull out of the race at the last minute?
  ... because you had/got cramp.
• Have you ever had to pull out of an important multimillion euro deal?
• Ask me if I've ever had to pull out of a multimillion euro deal?
• Ask me why I've had to pull out of the multimillion euro deal?
• Did the country pull out of the peace negotiations?
  Yes, the country pulled out of the peace negotiations.
• Ask me if the country pulled out of the peace negotiations.

almost/nearly

• Have you ever almost/nearly missed a flight?
  I've never almost/nearly missed a flight.
• Is your English nearly/almost perfect?
• Was Madrid almost/nearly awarded the 2016 Olympics?
• Have you ever nearly murdered someone?
  No, I haven't almost nearly murdered someone.
• Have you ever been almost/nearly late for this class?
• Have you ever almost/nearly discovered a new planet?
• Have you ever nearly/almost been eaten by a bear?
• Ask me if I was almost/nearly killed by elephants this morning.
  Were you almost killed by elephants this morning?
• Was your house nearly flooded last week?
• Am I almost two metres tall?
• Ask me if I'd like to be two metres tall.
• Has the Moon ever almost touched the Earth?
• Do you almost get to work late everyday?
  No, I never almost get to work late everyday.
• Are you almost the most intelligent person in the world?
  No, I'm not almost the most...
• Do you drink nearly/almost a litre of coffee every morning?
  No, I don't drink nearly/almost a litre of coffee every morning.

hardly

• I hardly ever eat in Bulgarian restaurants.
• How often do you go ice-skating?
  I hardly ever go ice-skating.
• How often do you visit Germany?
• How often do you see celebrities on Gran Vía?
• How often do you ask for directions?
• Ask me how often I ask for directions.
• How often do you go to work early?
• How often do you hear people speaking Icelandic?
• How often do you wear a Scottish kilt?
• How often do you eat outside in the winter?
• How many people in Spain prefer French wine?
  Hardly anyone in Spain prefers French wine.
  Almost everyone in Spain prefers Spanish wine.
• How many people in Spain live 20 percent tips when they go to a restauran?
• How many people in Spain can't speak Spanish?
• How many people in Spain drive Rolls-Royces?
• How much tea did you drink last week?
  I hardly drank any tea last week.
• How many of your friends play musical instruments?
  Hardly any of my friends play musical instruments.
• How many Eskimos live in Spain?
• How much of the water did you drink, in that cup? It seems pretty full to me.
  I hardly drink any water.
• How much of the movie have you seen?
  I've hardly seen any of the movie, I've seen a little bit, but not much.
  I've hardly seen any of it, just a little bit.
• How much of the lasagna did you eat?
  I hardly ate any of the lasagna.
• How much of the game did you watch?
  I hardly watched any of the game.
• How much of the Pepsi did you drink?
  I hardly drank any of it.
• How many episodes have you seen?
  I've hardly seen any of the episodes.
• How much of the rice did you cook?
  I hardly cooked any of the rice.
• How much of the pizza did you eat?
  I hardly ate any of the pizza.
• How many of the books have you read?
  I've hardly read any of the books.
• How much of your work is administrative?
  Hardly any of my work is adminsitrative.

else

• ¿Quién más vino?
  Who else came?
• ¿Con quién más hablaste?
  Who else did you talk to?
• ¿A quién más viste?
  Who else did you see?
• ¿En qué otro momento te he visto?
  When else have I seen you?
• ¿En qué otro lugar te he visto?
  Where else have I seen you?
• ¿Qué más quieres?
  What else do you want?
• ¿Alguien más?
  Anybody else?
• Alguien más.
  Someone else.
• No hay nadie más.
  Nobody else.
• ¿Qué más hicieron?
  What else did they do?
• ¿De qué otro modo lo hicieron?
  How else did they do it?
• ¿De qué otro modo lo podrían haber hecho?
  How else could they have done it?
• ¿Qué más dijo ella?
  What else did she say?
• ¿Qué más quieres comprar?
  What else do you want to buy?
• ¿Qué más dijo él?
  What else did he say?
• ¿Quién más llamó?
  Who else called?
• ¿En qué otro sitio has estado hoy?
  Where else have you been today?
• ¿En qué otro momento has practicado?
  When else have you practiced?
• ¿Por qué otra razón viniste?
  Why else did you come?
• Él es amigo de todos los demás.
  He's everyone else's friend.
• ¿Quién más tiene puntos?
  Who else has points?
• Nadie más tiene puntos.
  Nobody else has points.
• Is it true? Ask me.
  Does anyone else have points?
  Yes, someone else has points.
• Ask me if that person has more points than you.
  Does anyone else have more points than me?
• ¿En qué otro momento vamos a practicar esto?
  When else are we going to practice this?

else

• ¿Quién más fué a la fiesta?
  Who else went to the party?
• ¿Quién más sabe?
  Who else knows?
• ¿Quién más fué a la reunión?
  Who else went to the meeting?
• ¿Quién más le ayudó a él?
  Who else helped him?
• ¿Quién más estuvo con él?
  Who else was with him?
• ¿Con quién más hablaste?
  Who else did you talk to?
• ¿A dónde más podemos ir?
  Where else can we go?
• ¿A dónde más fuimos?
  Where else did we go?
• ¿A dónde más fueron ellos?
  Where else did they go?
• ¿De qué otro modo puedo convencerla?
  How else can I convince her?
• ¿De qué otro modo podemos hacerlo?
  How else can we do it?
• ¿De qué otro modo podemos deshacernos de ello?
  How else can we get rid of it?
• ¿De qué otro modo podemos deshacernos de él?
  How else can we get rid of him?
• ¿De qué otro modo podemos pararlo?
  How else can we stop it?

someone, something, somewhere ELSE

• Él quiere decirte algo más.
  He wants to tell you something else.
• Otra persona viene.
  Someone else is coming.
• Quiero ir a otro sitio.
  I want to go somewhere else.
• Would you prefer to be somewhere else?
• Would you like to be someone else?
• Is Paris in Spain or is it somewhere else?
  Paris is not in Spain, it's somewhere else.
• Is chocolate made from cocoa beans or is it made from something else?
• Is your brother here or is he somewhere else?
• Are you from Madrid or are you from somewhere else?
• Are we in Europe or are we in somewhere else?
• Is Barack Obama the President of the US or is he the President of somewhere else?
• Are you looking at me or are you looking somewhere else?
• Are our students listening to us or are they listening to someone else?
• Is Iker Casillas a goalkeeper or is he something else?
• Is Rafa Nadal a goalkeeper or is he something else?
• Am I an English teacher or am I something else?
• Ask me if I live in Madrid or [if] I live somewhere else.
• Ask me if I was born in Ireland or [if] I was born somewhere else.
• Were you born in Spain or were you born somewhere else?
• Is New York in the US or is it somewhere else?
• Ask me if I sleep in a bed or [if] I sleep somewhere else.
• Ask me if I should encourage you to study English or [if] I should do something else.
• Is Bruce Springsteen a famous musician or is he something else?
• If somebody is fantastic, you can say they're something else.

nothing, no one, nowhere ELSE

• Does anything else work?
  No, nothing else works.
• Can anyone else do it?
  No, no one else can do it.
• Does anywhere else serve alcohol?
  No, nowhere else serves alcohol.
• Does anyone else live here?
  No, no one else lives here.
• Will anything else happen?
  No, nothing else will happen.
• Is anywhere else open?
  No, nowhere else is open.
• Was anything else lost?
  No, nothing else was lost.
• Is anywhere else as cheap as this place?
  No, nowhere else is as cheap as this place.
• Does anyone else agree with you?
  No, no one else agrees with me.
• Nadie más vive ahí.
  No one else lives there.
• Nada más se mojó.
  Nothing else got wet.
• Ningún otro sitio prepara la paella como aquí.
  Nowhere else prepares paella like here.
• Nada más tiene que ir en la mesa.
  Nothing else has to go on the table.
• Nadie más sabe mi secreto.
  No one else knows my secret.
• Ningún otro sitio tiene tantos camareros.
  Nowhere else has so many waiters.
• Nadie más va a venir a la fiesta.
  No one else is going to come to the party.
• Nada más está sucio.
  Nothing else is dirty.

anything, anyone, anywhere ELSE

• Do you know anything else about what happened?
  No, I don't know anything else about what happened.
• Are you going to invite anyone else?
• Ask me if I'm going to go somewhere else.
  Are you going to go anywhere else?
  No, I'm not going to go anywhere else.
• Do you know anything about that man we hired?
• Ask me if he wants to go somewhere else.
  Does he wants to go anywhere else?
• Do you know anything about the new product they launched?  
• Are you going to have anyone else help you?
• Ask me if I'm looking forward to going somewhere else.
  Are you looking forward to going anywhere else?
  No, I'm not looking forward to going anywhere else.
  Yes, I'm looking forward to going somewhere else.
• Do you know anything about that new guy that started last week?

to lose control of

• Did you lose control of the car?
• Where did you lose control of the car?
• Why did you lose control of the car?
• Did you lose control of the situation?
• Why did you lose control of the situation?
• Did you lose control of the vehicle?
• What type of vehicle did you lose control of?
• What were you transporting in the van?
• When you lost control of the van did your suitcases fall out of the van?
  ... suitcases fell out of the van.
  ... suitcases fell on to the road/ground.
• When you saw all the suitcases falling on to the ground did you lose the plot?
• What does to lose the plot mean?
• Did you lose control of a flying vehicle yesterday?
• What type of a flying vehicle did you lose control of?
• Was it a two-seater plane or a four-seater plane?
• She lost control of a two-seater plane... She gained control of the plane just in time. She didn't crash.
• How often does your neighbour lose control of the situation?
• Why does she lose control of the situation?
• When did you last lose control of the situation?
  I last lost control of the situation yesterday.

without

• How long can you run without stopping?
• They drove all the way and they didn't stop.
  They drove all the way without stopping.
• She filed the report but she didn't ask for approval.
  She filed the report without asking...
• He ate the pie and he didn't offer me any.
• He has plenty of money and he doesn't work.
• They cooked but they didn't add salt.
• They broke the window, but the security guard didn't notice.
  They broke the window without [the security guard] noticing.
• I went to the party, but my girlfriend didn't go with me.
  I went to the party withount her going with me.
• I bought the shirt, but I didn't try it on first.
  I bought the shirt without trying it on first.
• She fixed it and we didn't help her.
  She fixed it without ask helping her.
• I got the drink but I didn't have any ice in it.
• It came, but it didn't come with the instructions. (verb?)
• She wrote the email, but she didn't send it.
• He made the cake, but he didn't serve it.
• He mailed the letter but he didn't put a stamp on it.
• He left with the groceries but he didn't pay.
• She asked me in German and didn't know that I spoke only English.
• He bought the computer but didn't try it first.
• They sold the broken watch and they didn't fix it first.
• I asked for help but I didn't get any.
• He stopped the penalty kick without using his hand.
• They approved the invoice but didn't check with the boss.
• He called her but he didn't use the calling card.
• They broke the record and didn't even make their best effort.
• They built it and didn't ask for help.

pronombres complemento

• She did it and he didn't know.
  She did it without him knowing.
  She did it without his knowing.
• The thief stole the bag and we didn't see.
  The thief stole the bag without us knowing.
  The thief stole the bag without our knowing.