ask me why (use pronouns)

- The book isn't on the table.
  Why isn't it on the table?
- I'm not single.
- My wife isn't American.
- She isn't a seamstress.
- They aren't there.
- He isn't in the front row.
- She isn't happy with the results.
- I'm not at the butcher.
- She isn't well-off.

negative questions with the verb 'to be' in the past

- I wasn't here on Sunday.
  Why weren't you here on Sunday?
- I wasn't at the party on Friday
  Why weren't you at the party on Friday?
- My best friend wasn't there.
  Why wasn't your best friend there?
- He wasn't feeling very well.
  Why wasn't he feeling very well?
- We weren't wearing white.
  Why weren't you wearing white?
- William wasn't working on Wednesday
  Why wasn't William working on Wednesday?
- Walter wasn't with me when they warned me.
  Why wasn't Walter with you when they warned you?
- Yesterday wasn't a good day for me.
  Why wasn't Yesterday a good day for you?
- The weather wasn't good enough.
  Whay wasn't the weather good enough?

so ... that

- Esta taza es tan grande como ésa.
  This cup is as big as that other.
  This cup is so big that I can't drink it.
- The book is very big, I can't put it in my pocket.
  The book is so big that I can't put it in my pocket.
- The test is very difficult, I can't pass it.
  The test is so difficult that I can't pass it.
- The sign is very faraway, I can't read it.
  The sign is so faraway that I can't read it.
- The candle light is very dim, I can't read the book.
  The candle light is so dim that I can't read the book.

such ... that

- The book was so big that it didn't fit in my bag.
  It was such a big book that ...
- The T-bone steak was big. I couldn't eat it all.
  It was such a big T-bone steak that I ...
- The weather was very bad. We stayed at home.
  It was such bad weather that we ...
- The report is very long. Nobody is going to read it.
  It's such a long report that nobody's ...
- The shoes were very expensive. I couldn't afford them.
  They were such expensive shoes that I ...
- The film was very good. I didn't want it to end.
  It was such a good film that I didn't ...
- The journey was very long. We had to stop three times.
  It was such a long journey that we ...
- The food was very spicy. We had to ask for a glass of water.
  It was such spicy food that we ...

change the structure

- The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.
  It was such a boring movie that I fell ...
- It was such bad weather that we stayed at home.
  The weather was so bad that we stayed ...
- The shoes were so expensive that I couldn't afford them.
  They were such expensive shoes that I ...
- The course was so difficult that I didn't pass it.
  It was such a difficult course that I ...
- The plate is so hot that I can't hold it.
  It's such a hot plate that I can't ...
- It was such a good offer that I couldn't refuse.
  The offer was so good that I couldn't ...
- They are such well-behaved children that they do what they're told.
  The children are so well-behaved that they do ...
- The man was so old that he couldn't walk.
  He was such an old man that he couldn't walk.

negative questions with 'do', 'does' and 'did'

- I don't live in Albacete. (Ask me why.)
  Why don't you live in Albacete?
- My son doesn't speak Chinese.
- I didn't eat cockroaches last week.
- Jeremy's wife doesn't get on well with Jane.
- They didn't realize there was a problem.
- You don't work on the ground floor.
- The parcel didn't arrive on time.
- The boy doesn't pay attention in class.
- They don't take sugar with their coffee.
- Tom doesn't shave before going to work.
- It doesn't matter.
  Why doesn't it matter?
- The dog didn't bury the bone in the garden.

negative questions with "can't"

- This class can't last 20 hours. (Ask me why.)
  Why can't it last 20 hours?
- I can't hold my breath under water for 30 minutes.
- I can't swim.
- My father doesn't know how to swim.
- My father can't speak Russian.
- I can't cook paella.
- I can't find my wallet.

numbers dictation

numbers

ejercise

rephrase

- I'll leave Madrid at 3pm and will arrive at Valencia at 6:30.
  It'll take you three and a half hours to get to Valencia.
- My wife started writing a book on the 15th of july and she finished it on the first of september.
  It took her one and a half month to write the book.
- They're writing a report. They started a long time ago. (They haven't finished.)
  It's taking them a long time to write the report.
- You swept the floor from midday to 1:30.
  It took me one and a half hour to sweep the floor.

translate

- Tardo media hora en preparar la clase.
  It take me half an hour to prepare the class.
- Ella tardó dos años en aprender ruso.
  It took her two years to learn Russian.
- Estoy tardando mucho en terminarlo.
  It's taking me a long time to finish it.
- Tardaremos un poco más.
  It'll take us a bit longer.

translate

- ¿Cuánto se tarda en aprender inglés?
  How long does it take to learn English?
- ¿Cuánto se tarda en volar a Londres?
  How long does it take to fly to London?
- ¿Cuánto se tarda en ir a Sevilla?
  How long does it take to go to Sevilla?
- ¿Cuánto se tardó?
  How long did it take?
- ¿Cuánto se tardará?
  How long will it take?
- ¿Cuánto tiempo tardas en vestirte?
  How long does it take you to get dressed?
- ¿Cuánto tiempo tardaréis en terminar el informe?
  How long will it take you to finish the report?
- ¿Cuánto tiempo han tardado hasta ahora?
  How long has it taken then [so far/until now]?
- ¿Se tarda mucho?
  Does it take long?
- ¿Tardó mucho?
  Did it take long?
- ¿Tardaste mucho?
  Did it take you long?
- ¿Tardaron toda la semana?
  Did it take them the whole week?

negative questions (ask why... ?)

• I wouldn't eat the shoe.
  Why wouldn't you eat the shoe?
• I wouldn't work if I didn't have to.
  Why wouldn't you work if you didn't have to?
• You mustn't kill anyone.
  Why mustn't I kill anyone?
• You shouldn't smoke cigarettes?
  Why shouldn't I smoke?
• You shouldn't be mean to your friends.
  Why shouldn't I be mean to my friends?
• You shouldn't swear.
  Why shouldn't I swear?
• You shouldn't cross the street without looking.
  Why shouldn't I cross the street without looking?
• I couldn't meet up with my family yesterday.
  Why couldn't you meet up with your family yesterday?
• I couldn't go to the beach last weekend.
  Why couldn't you go to the beach last weekend?
• I couldn't save any money last year.
  Why couldn't you save any money last year?
• I couldn't return your call yesterday.
  Whay couldn't you return my call yesterday?
• I wouldn't do that if I were you.
  Why wouldn't you do that if you were me?
• Because you shouldn't do things like that.
  Why shouldn't I do things like that?
• Because you mustn't do things like that.
  Why mustn't I do things like that?

to count on somebody

• Ask me why I can count on my boyfriend.
  Why can you count on your boyfriend?
  Because he's always there for me.
  
• Ask me why I can count on my friends when I have a problem.
  Why can you count on your friends when have a problem?
  Because they help me out.
  You can count on them because they help you out.
• Ask me why I can count on you to come to class.
  Why can you count on me to come to class?
  Because you're a very good student. So, why can I count on you?
  You can count on me because I'm a good student.
• Ask me why I can count on my parents to look after me if I am ill.
  Why... ?
  Because they love me.
  You can count on them because...
• Ask me why I can count on you to study.
  Why can you count on me to study?
  Because you're really a good student as well.

when was the last time ... ?

- When was the last time you went to the North Pole on a pogo-stick?
  I've never gone to the North Pole on a pogo-stick.
- When did you last buy a 20 euros car?
- When were you last in my house?
  I've never been in your house.
- When did you last milk a cow?
  I've never milked a cow.
- When was the last time you were able to read upside down?
  When were you last able to read upside down?
- When was the last time you turned off my TV?
- When were you last appointed Prime Minister?
- When did you last hang my clothes on the line?
- When did I last lay your table?

translate

- Nunca he discutido con mi mejor amiga.
  I've never argued with my best friend.

saxon genitive

¿De quién es este boli? = Whose pen is it?
El hueso del perro de Natasha = Natasha's dog's bone.
¿De quién es el hueso? = Whose bone is it?
¿Sabes de quién es el hueso? = Do you know whose bone it is?
El hijo del jefe de Paco = Paco's boss's son
La suegra del compañero de piso de Juanito = Juanito's roommate's mother in law

saxon genitive

- Jesús's book is on Luis's boss's desk. Where is Jesús's book?
  It's on Luis's boss's desk.
- ¿De quién es el libro?
  Whose book is it?
- Es el libro de Jesús.
  It's Jesús's book.
- Es el libro del jefe de Jesús.
  It's Jesus's boss's book.
- Marcos, avión:
  It's Marcos's aeroplane.
- Matías, furgoneta:
  It's Matías's van.
- Inés, novio:
  He's Inés's boyfriend.
- La raqueta de tenis de Andrés:
  Andrés's tennis's racket.
- Es el mercedes de Mercedes.
  It's Mercedes's mercedes.
- La oficina de Liz.
  It's Liz's office.
- La guitarra de Nicolás.
  Nicolás's guitar.
- Es el tobogán de Nieves.
  It's Nieves's sled/sleigh.
- Es el horno de Tomás.
  It's Tomás's oven.
- Es la clase de Boris.
  It's Boris's class.
- Es la mejor amiga de la compañera de Denise.
  It's Denise's roommate's best friend.
- Es la lección de Fitz.
  It's Fitz's lesson.

given the answer, ask the question

- I've never read fifteen books in one day.
  Have you ever read fifteen books in one day?
- I've never driven to Mongolia.
- I've never been to the Moon.
- I've never flown in a hot air balloon.
- My brother has never driven a lorry.
- My uncle has never ridden a horse.

the accusative

- Quiero que mis alumnos estudien todos los días.
  I want my students to study everyday.
- Ella querría que su marido le comprara flores un día sí y otro no.
  She'd like her husband to buy her flowers every other day.
- Ella quería que no la llamara más.
  She wanted him not to call her anymore.
- Quiero que se imprima ahora
  I want it to be printed now.
- Yo no quería que se encontrara con él
  I didn't want her to run into him.
- No me gustaría que se programara para mañana.
  I wouldn't like it to be scheduled for tomorrow.
- Quiero que me lo den en mano.
  I want them to give it to me in hand.
- (Yo) No quería que lo buscaras.
  I didn't want you to look for it.

every other day

- Ask me who I call every other day.
  Who do you call every other day?
- I call my mum every other day. Who do I call?
  You call your mum every other day.
- Ask me what I have for dinner e.o.d.
  What do you have for dinner e.o.d.?
- I have roast chicken. What do I have e.o.d.?
- Ask me where I'd like to go e.o.d.
  Where would you like to go e.o.d.?
- I'd like to go to the spa e.o.d.

translate

- Voy a la carnicería una semana sí y otra no.
  I go to the butcher's e.o. week.
- Ella cena con sus primos un día sí, otro no.
  She has dinner with her cousins e.o.d.
- Ves la telenovela un día sí, otro no.
  I watch the soup-opera e.o.d.
- Quiero un informe detallado un lunes sí, otro no.
  I want [a detailed/an in depth] report every other monday.
- Veo a mi hermano un año sí, otro no.
  I see my brother every other year.
- Voy al trabajo en coche un día sí, otro no.
  I go to work by car every other day.
- Ese secador de pelo funciona un día sí, otro no.
  That hairdryer works every other day.
- Mi tía me llama un día sí, otro no.
  My aunt calls me every other day.

nevertheless/however

nevertheless

- It's raining, but I'm going to go for a walk.
  It's raining, nevertheless I'm going to ...
- They don't like him, but they're going to invite him to the party.
- Mary isn't from Italy, but she speaks Italian fluently.

however

- It's very cheap, but I can't afford to buy it.
- Nigel is rich, but he doesn't like to spend money.
- He has a good salary, but it's still not enought to support his four children.
- Jimmy has good potential, but he needs to work harder.

nevertheless

- They don't have a car, but they always arrive on time.

I want you to ...

- Ask me if they want me to lift the table.
  Do they want you to lift the table?
- Ask me if he wants me to wave at him.
  Does he want you to wave at him?
- Ask me if I want you to learn the vocabulary.
  Do you want me to learn the vocabulary?
- Ask me if my boss wants me to keep him up to date.
  Does your boss want you to keep him up to date?
- Yes, he wants me to keep him up to date.
- Ask me if Cristina wanted me to frown.
  Did Cristina want you to frown?
- Ask me if I want you to sing out loud.
  Do you want me to sing out loud?
- Ask me if the mouse wanted the cat to chase it.
  Did the mouse want the cat to chase it?
- Ask me if I want her to pick me up.
  Do you want her to pick you up?
- Ask me if the ant wanted me to step on it.
  Did the ant want you to step on it?

percentages and fractions

25% = ¹/₄: twenty five per cent is the same as a quarter
50% = ¹/₂: fifty per cent is the same as a half
75% = ³/₄: seventy five per cent is the same as three quarters/fourhts
20% = ¹/₅: twenty per cent is the same as one fifth
40% = ²/₅: fourty per cent is the same as two fifths
10% = ¹/₁₀: ten per cent is the same as one tenth
80% = ⁴/₅: eighty per cent is the same as four fifths
60% = ³/₅: sixty per cent is the same as three fifths
90% = ⁹/₁₀: ninety per cent is the same as nine tenths

exercise: 3 phrasal verbs

to write down = apuntar
to copy down = copiar
to note down = anotar
- Did you write down her name? (ask the question)
- Did you copy down the information?
- Did you note down their idea?
- Have you written down the address?
- Have you copied all the words down?
- Has your boss written it down in his diary?
- Has his secretary noted it down somewhere safe?

reported speech

- Have you ever been to Rome?
  No, I haven't.
- I asked you if you had ever been to Rome
  and you said that you had never been to Rome.
- Have you ever been to Paris?
  Yes, I have.
- What did I ask you?
  You asked me if I had ever been to Paris.
- And what did you say?
  I said that I had been to Paris.
- Do you live in Madrid?
  Yes, I do. What did you ask me?
- I asked you if you lived in Madrid.
- Do you work at Vaughan Systems?
  Yes, I do. What did you ask me?
- I asked you if you worked at Vaughan Systems.
  And what did I say?
- You said that you worked at Vaughan Systems.
- Are you going to go to the beach tomorrow?
  No, I'm not. What did you ask me?
- I asked you if you were going to go to the beach tomorrow.
- Have you been improving your English?
  Yes, I have.
- What did I ask you?
  You asked me if I had been improving my English.

reported speech

posesivos

numbers

to keep + gerund

- keep going ( = sigue)
- keep trying
- keep studying
- I'm always spendig my money on shoes.
  Don't keep spending your money on shoes ( = deja de gastar ...).
- I'm always calling them.
  Don't keep calling them ( = deja de llamarles).
- I'm always going to bed very late.
  Don't keep going to bed very late.
- I'm always eating too much junk food
  Don't keep eating so much junk food
- Your car is always breaking down.
  My car keeps breaking down.
- Your mother-in-law is always calling you.
  My mother-in-law keeps calling me.
- My dog is always chewing on my shoes.
- The children are always interrupting the class.

to sort out

Did you sort out the arrangements?
Ask me if I sorted out the arrangements.
Ask me if I've sorted out my financial problems.
Did you manage to sort it out?
Ask me if I managed to sort it out.
Have you sorted out your problem with your boss?
Ask me if I've sorted out my problem with my boss.
Do you need time to sort out his papers?
Ask me if I need time to sort out his papers.
Has everything been sorted out?
Were the little matters sorted out last month?
Ask me if the little matters were sorted out last month.
Do we still have a lot of things to sort out?
Ask me if I still have a lot of things to sort out.
Will you be able to sort it out by tomorrow?
Ask me if I'll be able to sort it out by tomorrow?
Has your sister sorted out her holiday yet?

since & for

Con los datos, hacer una frase con since y otra con for
* Inés went to England on the 29th, it's now the 31th and she's still there. * Paco went to NY on the 20th, its now the 25th and he's still there.
* My parents went to Naples on the 2nd. It's now the 10th. They're still there.

there is, there are, ...

there is

- Ask me if there will be a meeting tomorrow.
  Will there be a meeting tomorrow?
- No, there won't be a meeting tomorrow. Ask me why.
  Why won't there be a meeting tomorrow?
- Ask me if there was a meeting yesterday.
  Was there a meeting yesterday?
- No, there wasn't. Ask me why.
  Why wasn't there a meeting yesterday?
- There won't be any more meetings tomorrow. Ask me why.
  Why won't there be any more meetings tomorrow?
- Do you think there should be stricter traffic laws?
- Ask me if I thing there should be free tickets for football games.

there is

short answers

to feel like + gerund

- Do you feel like studying English?
- Ask me if I feel like studying Spanish.
- Did you feel like studying English when you were 10 years old?
- Ask me if I felt like studying when I was 10 years old.
- I didn't feel like studying when I was 10 years old. Ask me why.
- Ask me if I feel like having ice cream.
- Ask me if I feel like going out tonight.
- Ask me if I feel like working every day.
- Nobody feels like working every day. Ask me why.
- Ask me if I feel like traveling around the world.
- Ask me if I feel like practising trigonometry.
- Ask me if I feel like going for a walk.
- Do you feel like having a party?

arithmetic

futur conditional

If you have time, will you visit them?
If it's on sale, will you buy it?
If you're in Spain, will you come to the party?
If it rains, will you go to the beach?
If there's a bank, will you draw out some money?

numbers

Yesterday there were 746,976 people at the bus stop.
Last year there were 1,562,024 complaints in the company.
The poet sold 80,069 books two years ago.

futur conditional

- Always answer no.
Will you go out if it rains?
Will you improve if you don't study?
Will you laugh if I tell you a Spanish joke?
Will you frown if you don't understand my joke?
If you don't catch the bus this evening, will you walk home?
Will you go swimming if it snows tomorrow?
If I start singing, will it rain?
Will you run if you're late?

futur conditional

translate
- No podré ayudarte si no me cuentas tu versión.
  I won't be able to help you if you don't tell me your side of the story.
- Si no me lo explicas, no aprenderé.
- No podremos ver el partido si hay un apagón.
  We won't be able to watch the match if there's a blackout.
- No te multarán si conduces con cuidado.
  They won't fine you if you drive carefully.
- El bebé no llorará si le das de comer.
  The baby won't cry if you feed it.

futur conditional

- ¿Vendrán si les invitamos?
  Will they come if we invite them?
- ¿Le llevarás si él no tiene coche?
  Will you take him if he doesn't have a car?
- ¿Saldrás si llueve?
  Will you go out if it rains?
- ¿Estudiarás si te pago?
  Will you study if I pay you?
- ¿Mejorará mi inglés si sigo viendo este programa?
  Will my English improve if I keep watching this program?
- ¿Ella cogerá el tren si pierde el autobús?
  Will she take the train if she misses the bus?
- ¿Lloverá mañana si no llueve hoy?
  Will it rain tomorrow if it doesn't rain today?
- ¿Habrá otra reunión si hay cambios?
  Will there be another meeting if there are any changes?
- ¿Comenzarás la clase si los alumnos no aparecen?
  Will you start/begin the class if the students don't show up?